Step2: EXIT condition (y > x) is ALWAYS the negation of the while condition (y <= x).
int factorial(int x) {
int f, y;
// PRE-CONDITION: x >= 0
y = 1;
// y = 1
f = 1;
// y = 1 and f = 1
while (y <= x) {
f = f * y;
y = y + 1;
} // end while
// EXIT: y > x
// f = (y-1)! and y = x + 1
// POST-CONDITION: f = x!
return f;
}