Step2: EXIT condition (y > x) is ALWAYS the negation of the while condition (y <= x).
int factorial(int x) { int f, y; // PRE-CONDITION: x >= 0 y = 1; // y = 1 f = 1; // y = 1 and f = 1 while (y <= x) { f = f * y; y = y + 1; } // end while // EXIT: y > x // f = (y-1)! and y = x + 1 // POST-CONDITION: f = x! return f; }