Image Formats
Image Format = the way we describe the
image:
- size = # rows, # coloumns
- color/greyscale/binary
- number bits/pixel
- compression standard used if
any.
- any related text/message want to tie
to it.
This information usually at the head or
top of the file.
There are several different formats,
created by different standards or manufactures to solve different problems. Each
standard has different limitations e.g. what kinds of images they can represent
(binary, color, etc). Some provide compression of the image others just store
the image.
The following describes the tradeoff when
considering whether or not to use a particular format and whether or not to
compress the image.
Tradeoff = Quality versus Size
More Info versus Less
BMP = BitMap format.
- up to 16.7 million color
- No compression
- Microsoft Windows
- Common use Windows background screens and screen saver
programs
GIF = Graphics Interchange
Format
- Pronounced "jiff"
- up to 256 colors
- Built in File compression (don't attempt to apply additional
compression to a GIF picture).
PNG = Portable Network Graphics
- up to 16.7 million colors (full color)
- Built in File compression.
- Extension of GIF format to allow full color
- Not as good compression as JPEG
JPEG = Joint Photographic
Experts Group
- also JIFFY, JAG
- up to 16.7 million colors
- Compression (loose) based on HAS responses to
frequencies
- Best on Natural images
- Not as good for images with well-defined edges such as
cartoons, or black and white images.
PBM,PGM,PPM = Portable BitMap
format
- used by PBMPlus tools suit.
- upto 16.7 million colors
- No Compression
PCX = Microsoft Paintbrush app.
format
- up to 16.7 million colors
- No compression
- only Mac
TGA = TrueVision Targa files from
Amiga
- up to 16.7 million colors
- these files sometimes fed into programs that generate factals
and animation.
TIF, TIFF = Tagged image File
Format
- as many colors as can be utilized by program that creates the
picture file
- Most detail information about image in this format (can even
attach comments about the picture which are not viewed with the image but with
the utility can be read).
- TIFF 5.0 allows for four different compression schemes
including no compression.
- TIFF 6.0 also supports JPEG compression.
XBM = X BitMaps
- format for Xwindows graphic user interface system for
UNIX.
- two colors
- not compressed
Raw = no header information, just the
image data
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